Friday, August 17, 2012

Artha Panchakam - அர்த்த பஞ்சகம்

It is well known that a Mumukshu(one who wants to attain Moksham), should have the knowledge about Artha Panchakam(five Doctrines). Numerous Puranas and acharyas have emphazised that a mumukshu should have clear knowledge about this. A sloka that explains this - 

ப்ராப்யஸ்ய ப்ரஹ்மணோ ரூபம் ப்ராப்துஸ்ச ப்ரத்யகாத்மந:
ப்ராப்தி உபாயம் பலம் ப்ராப்தே: ததா ப்ராதிவிரோதிச
வதந்தி ஸகலா வேதா: ஸேதிஹாஸ புராணகா:
முநயச்ச மஹாத்மாநோ வேதவேதார்த்த வேதிந:

A brief brush up on the five -

1. Para Swarupam  - Nature of paramatma
2. Jeevatma Swarupam - Nature of Jeevatma
3. Pala/Purushartha Swarupam - Nature of Goal to be achieved
4. Upaya Swarupam - Means by which to attain the goal
5. Virothi Swarupam - Obstacles which drags us against aforementioned four.

Sri Nampillai explains that entire Thiruvaimozhi is elaborately explaining the concepts/doctrines specified as Artha Panchakam. He also quotes several pasurams from Thiruvaimozhi where Aazhwar himself mentions about these Doctrines in detail. Since it is in great detail, we shall try to understand this briefly through the golden words of  Sri Alagiya Manavala Perumal Nayanar who has followed the footsteps of Poorvacharyars like Nampillai and explained the same in a nutshell in Acharya Hrudayam.

Sri Nayanar says "மூன்றில் சுருக்கிய ஐந்தையும் உயர் திண் அணை ஓன்று, பயில் ஏறு கண் கரு, வீடு சொன்னால் ஒருக் கொண்ட, நோற்ற நாலும், எம்மா ஒழிவில் நெடு வேய் என்கிற இருபதிலே விசதமாக்கி எண்பதிலே பரப்புகையாலே......"(211)

ArthamThiruvaimozhis that explains the Artham
Para Swarupamஉயர்(1-1)திண்(2-2)அணை(2-8)  ஓன்று(4-10) 
Jeevatma Swarupamபயில்(3-7)  ஏறு(4-8)கண்(8-8) கரு(8-9)
Upaya Swarupamநோற்ற  நாலும்    (4 thiruvaimozhis from 5-7)
Virothi Swarupamவீடு(1-2)சொன்னால்(3-9)  ஒரு(4-1)கொண்ட(9-1) 
Pala Swarupamஎம்மா(2-9) ஒழிவில்(3-3)நெடு(8-10) வேய்(10-3)

From this Acharya Hrudaya Sutram, it can be concisely understood that 20 Thiruvaimozhis explain the Artha Panchaka concepts and the other 80 are to expand and support this 20 Thiruvaimozhis. 

It is for these reasons, Sri Parasara Bhattar has rendered the Thaniyan "மிக்க இறைநிலையும்" which tells that the Thiruvaimozhi is the Dravida(Tamil) vedham which clearly explains the Artha Panchaka doctrines. 
மிக்க இறைநிலையும் மெய்யாம் உயிர்நிலையும்
தக்க நெறியும் தடையாகித் -- தொக்கியலும்
ஊழ்வினையும் வாழ்வினையும் ஓதும் குருகையர்கோன்
யாழின் இசை வேதத்தியல்.
1. Para Swarupam  - மிக்க இறைநிலை
2. Jeevatma Swarupam - மெய்யாம் உயிர்நிலை
3. Upaya Swarupam - தக்க நெறி
4. Virothi Swarupam - தடையாகித் தொக்கியலும் ஊழ்வினை
5. Pala Swarupam - வாழ்வினையும் ஓதும் வேதம்

This thaniyan is recited before reciting Thiruvaimozhi. It makes us realize that to attain Moksham, the knowledge of Thiruvaimozhi is indispensable to a mumukshu!

With this We come to end of series of Avatharikai. From next posts we shall try to enjoy the anubavams in Thiruvaimozhi.

Please share your comments and feedback.

Dasan
Madhusudhanan MA

2 comments:

  1. A very good compilation. Your versatility with Nalayira divya prabandam, vedam and the like is an added advantage in making this blog really useful. Pl. continue this wonderful service following the lineage of Dr MAV swamy.

    Thirumazhisai venkatesh

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  2. All your Sri Vaishnava dedications are all excellent. This website is very useful for youngsters to follow our samprathayams. Thanks, your dedication and service in this Srivaishnava website is highly appreciated. Please do a lot. our Emperumanar still give his Ashirwad ever. Adiyen Sri Ramanuja Dasan Kannan, Porur, Chennai.

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